User:David Mason/P2PU week 1 assignment

For my Peer to Peer University's Open Journalism & the Open Web course week one, Assignment one, I decided to investigate the numbers behind the G20/G8 2010 combined summits in Canada. These summits, particularly the G20, were controversial because of their high costs, lack of transparency, disruptive impact on the city, and heavy-handed and potentially manipulative behaviour by government and police authorities.

In this case, after freedom of information requests, the government released part of the budget, in fax form. The fax became available online, and I posted a message to the Visible Government mailing list and Facebook, asking for people interested in transcribing this data into reusable spreadsheet data, and suggesting the creation of a semantic wiki to make the data reusable and examinable through addition of structure and discourse features, explained below.

A number of individuals helped transcribe the data, which was imported, and discourse features added, along with a number of examples.

The result is highly re-usable, organized information. Because the software is based on the Free Software Mediawiki, the same software used by Wikipedia, it is free to use, can store many entries, and a culture of access is included. All content is malleable and subjective, so having the insights of Wikipedia (neutral point of view, managing content as a group) and the Semantic Web (anyone can say anything about anything) helps work through issues.

All site editing is done via the Web, so anyone can view any page's contents (via the edit or view source tab), site editing history, page edit history (via the history tab), and components of the site, as well as progressively learn how to use and contribute to the site (knowledge which will transfer to similar sites, and which I'd assert is digital literacy past filling in forms). Because the site uses cc-by-sa terms of use, anyone can take the content and use it for their own purposes, as long as they attribute the site and make modified works available under the same terms. All the site components can be exported and re-used easily on any site using Special:Export.

Structured features

While Semantic Mediawiki may seem to focus on the Semantic Web, in this case it is used to make the site easier to use, while making the content re-usable across the site. Therefore queries can be dynamically used in different ways; here is a list of current Debatable items.

• Budget numbers are transparently being released from 2010/G20 and G8 Budget
• Government uses precise processes for contracts from 2010/G20 and G8 Budget
• Summit costs were unreasonable from 2010/G20 and G8 Budget
• Summit has biased political motivations from 2010/G20 and G8 Budget
• Handling by authorities was a problem from 2010/G20
• Summit was disruptive from 2010/G20
• How did the faxed information get from McTeague to the G&M and other sites from 2010/G20 and G8 Budget/Budget numbers are transparently being released, User:David Mason/P2PU week 1 assignment
• Discourse systems will be very important to the Web from Integrated semantic discourse systems
• Individuals and companies should be included in discourse systems from Integrated semantic discourse systems

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A chart...

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An interactive timeline...

DAYYEARToronto 2010 G202010-06-262010-06-270Start date: 26 June 2010
End date: 27 June 2010
Page link: 2010/G20
CBC Behind the numbers The G8/G20 expenses debate, is it really about transparency?2010-09-240Start date: 24 September 2010
Page link: 2010/G20 and G8 Budget/Budget numbers are transparently being released/CBC Behind the numbers The G8/G20 expenses debate, is it really about transparency
Liberals demand wider probe on access-to-information meddling2010-10-030Start date: 3 October 2010
Page link: 2010/G20 and G8 Budget/Budget numbers are transparently being released/Liberals demand wider probe on access-to-information meddling
Canada says spending nearly $1 billion on security for G-8 and G-20 summits is worth it2010-05-280Start date: 28 May 2010
Page link: 2010/G20 and G8 Budget/Canada says spending nearly $1 billion on security for G-8 and G-20 summits is worth it
Canada to host G8 and G20 Summits2010-03-240Start date: 24 March 2010
Page link: 2010/G20 and G8 Budget/Canada to host G8 and G20 Summits
PM defends G8 fake lake pavilion2010-06-080Start date: 8 June 2010
Page link: 2010/G20 and G8 Budget/Summit costs were unreasonable/PM defends G8 fake lake pavilion
Police G20 tactics give Toronto a black eye2010-06-280Start date: 28 June 2010
Page link: 2010/G20/Handling by authorities was a problem/Police G20 tactics give Toronto a black eye
Vandals Smash Windows, Torch Police Cars, as Thousands Protest G-20 Summit in Canada2010-06-260Start date: 26 June 2010
Page link: 2010/G20/Summit was disruptive/Vandals Smash Windows, Torch Police Cars, as Thousands Protest G-20 Summit in Canada
G8 Conference 20102010-06-252010-06-260Start date: 25 June 2010
End date: 26 June 2010
Page link: 2010/G8
Overview of discourse system for journalism2010-10-030Start date: 3 October 2010
Page link: User:David Mason/P2PU week 1 assignment
Topic Maps: From Information to Discourse Architecture2010-03-200Start date: 20 March 2010
Page link: Integrated semantic discourse systems/Topic Maps: From Information to Discourse Architecture
Original documents2010-09-232010-10-010Start date: 23 September 2010
End date: 1 October 2010
Page link: Original documents
2006-02-066 February 20060Start date: 6 February 2006
Page link: Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada
2010-06-25

See the procurement exhibit for a particular tool to narrow down cost items by procurement process, and a graph of procurement processes and topics. Ad-hoc queries are also supported.

Since the underlying facilities are in an integrated system, as different visualizations emerge they can also be supported. Ideally the set of visualizations will be consistent, so those accessing the site can learn how to use them as interesting looking and useful tools.

Types of content

The types of content stored in the site are subject (a very general collection of cost items and discourse elements), responsible person, responsible unit, and supplier. An integrated issue system will be explained separately. Procurement process is also separate content, providing the opportunity to precisely describe these processes using process graphs.

Discourse features

This site includes discourse features, which allow assigning a position to subjects. For example, an initial cost item can have another item added with a Debatable position. That item can then have items added with Supports or Refutes positions (you may not see a lot of Position content today, it can be easily added using forms, a good example of a similar populated discourse system is the inspiring Discourse DB).

Use in journalism

This type of system could be used by journalists as an in-house or public database. As related stories are developed, content will be constantly added. Interactive tools can be used for investigation and final display. As part of the Web, journalists can use their authority to work with authorities and "members of the public" for a truly inclusive culture, creating stories out of data and creating comprehensive world views based on facts and positions.

Going forward

Since I'm developing this type of site for several projects, this week I'm investigating a "pipeline" that includes annotation using the GATE software. This could allow importing many Web based pages. While computer software will never have the real understanding of a human, entities such as people, places and dates can be recognized, and sentiments can be read with limited accuracy, therefore ideally people will correct this information to make it more than statistically useful.

The process behind developing this site was interesting to me, and has invoked interest that may spark an ongoing project that can expand to include the structure of governments and connections between government figures and business. The semantic facilities may become more important, allowing the site to interact in a reusable web of information. Hopefully this type of participatory site will become more common, allowing people to constantly learn, organize and re-use information past typical unstructured content today; computer-developed content that is often no better than a typewritten page or fax.

Obviously, while part of a movement, this will take time, and I hope to support and contribute to different groups using these kinds of systems.

If you're interested in participating, please add your name here.

Overview of discourse system for journalism

Dates

Oct 3, 2010

Project	Integrated semantic discourse systems
Topic	Integrated semantic discourse systems

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Debates

• How did the faxed information get from McTeague to the G&M and other sites — David Mason